No Leadership
No Leadership
Worst Foreign Policy Disaster
"It didn’t have to be this way. Biden could have maintained a U.S. troop presence in Afghanistan that kept the Taliban from taking over the country (they hadn’t even captured Kandahar as of about three weeks ago), or, failing that, he could have fashioned a minimally competent withdrawal that didn’t put us at the mercy of the Taliban. He did neither. He took an unsatisfactory stalemate and made it a complete rout. He botched our exit, materially harmed our national security, precipitated a humanitarian catastrophe, and betrayed our countrymen and allies.
He has not only made us less safe, he has dishonored us, and that can never be forgotten or forgiven."
Invasions of Afghanistan
While relatively little detail is known, parts of
the region of modern-day Afghanistan came under rule of the Median kingdom (part
of ancient Persia), for a short time.
Alexander the Great invaded what is today
Afghanistan in 330 BC as part of war against Persia. Comprising the easternmost
satrapies of Persia, Afghanistan provided some challenging battles in his
conquest of the remaining lands of Persia. Renamed Bactria, and settled with
his Ionian veterans, Alexander began his invasion of India from what is now
Jalalabad, attacking the Indus River basin through the Khyber Pass. Several
cities in Afghanistan are named for Alexander, including Alexandria Arachosia,
now called Kandahar (a contraction of Iskandahar).
In the seventh to ninth centuries, following the
disintegration of the Sassanid Persian Empire and Roman Empire, leaders in the
world theatre for the last four centuries and archrivals, the area was again
invaded from the west, this time by Umar, second Caliph of the Rashidun
Caliphate, in the Islamic conquest of Afghanistan, eventually resulting in the
conversion of most of its inhabitants to Islam.
In the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia (1219–1221),
Genghis Khan invaded the region from the northeast in one of his many conquests
to create the huge Mongol Empire. His armies slaughtered thousands in the
cities of Kabul, Kandahar, Jalalabad etc. Thereafter most parts of Afghanistan
other than the extreme south-eastern remained under Mongol rule as part of the
Ilkhanate and Chagatai Khanate.
From 1383 to 1385, the Afghanistan area was
conquered from the north by Timur, leader of neighboring Transoxiana (roughly
modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and adjacent areas), and became a part of
the Timurid Empire. Timur was from a Turko-Mongol tribe and although a Muslim,
saw himself more as an heir of Genghis Khan. Timur's armies caused great
devastation and are estimated to have caused the deaths of 17 million people.
In the beginning of 1837, the Battle of Jamrud was
fought between the Sikhs under Maharajah Ranjit Singh and the Afghans under
Emir Dost Muhammad Khan. Since the consolidation of the Sikh Empire in Punjab,
Maharajah Ranjit Singh had tried a wave of invasions on Afghanistan. The
Afghans had been losing their long held territories to Sikhs over the preceding
years due to internal conflicts, and had seen their once mighty empire
disintegrating.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries,
Afghanistan was invaded three times from British India. The First Anglo-Afghan
War of 1838–1842 was conducted with the intention of limiting Russian influence
in the country and quelling raiding from across the border. Within four years
the British were expelled. The main British Indian force occupying Kabul along
with their camp followers, was almost completely annihilated during its 1842
retreat from Kabul. After the Indian
Mutiny, the British launched a second invasion, the Second Anglo-Afghan War of
1878–1880, for much the same reasons but did not attempt to maintain a
permanent presence. A third conflict broke out in 1919. It lasted for three
months, from May to August, and ended in a compromise that saw Afghanistan
reassert its independence and control over its relations with other countries
while agreeing to a border with British India known as the Durand Line. This
line is still the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan today.
The Soviet Union successfully invaded Afghanistan
in 1929 against the Saqqawists and again in 1930 to fight the Basmachi
movement. The Soviet Union, along with
other countries, was a direct supporter of the new Afghan government after the
Saur Revolution in April 1978. However, Soviet-style reforms introduced by the
government such as changes in marriage customs and land reform were not
received well by a population deeply immersed in tradition and Islam. After continuing internal strife and
assassinations of several Soviet puppet leaders, on 24 January 1989 Gorbachev's
Politburo took the decision to withdraw most of the Soviet forces.
On October 7, 2001 the United States, supported by
some NATO countries including the United Kingdom and Australia, as well as
other allies, began an invasion of Afghanistan under Operation Enduring
Freedom. The invasion was launched to capture Osama bin Laden, who was the
mastermind of the September 11, 2001 attacks, and was being sheltered by the
Taliban.
Military Out
Swinging Way Left with Biden
Cryin’ Joe
Afghanistan Terrorist Attack
This is what we get, as president, when people vote
against the incumbent’s abrasive personality and too true tweets, rather than
his patriotism and love of our country, and his actual accomplishments, and not
his sometimes blunt, rhetoric. We get a
pathetic, inept old man who never showed a modicum of competence in his nearly
50 years in government, and who has historically and consistently been on the
wrong side of major issues.
Who
are the Taliban’s top leaders?
Questions remain over whether the group has
cast off an extremist ideology that carried them through two decades of war.
By Adam Nossiter, Carlotta Gall and Julian E. Barnes
Published Aug. 18, 2021 Updated Aug. 21, 2021
The Taliban’s top leaders have spent years on the run, in
hiding, in jail and dodging American drones. They are now emerging from
obscurity after a 20-year battle, but little is known about them or how they
plan to govern.
As they take charge of Afghanistan’s government and a nation
of 38 million people, the Taliban’s
leaders have
tried to signal that they are more worldly and tolerant than their predecessors
in the 1990s, willing to work with women and urging people to get back to their
jobs without fear of reprisals.
But the question
remains: Have they really cast off an extremist ideology that carried them
through two decades of war, or is this all a ruse designed to win global
approval? What is known about the movement’s leaders yields some clues.
Mawlawi Haibatullah Akhundzada, supreme leader
Mawlawi
Haibatullah Akhundzada, in an undated picture released by the Taliban in May
2016.Credit...Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
An Islamic legal scholar, he is described as a spiritual
guide for the movement and has long been a proponent of suicide bombing. His
son trained to be a suicide bomber, and at 23 blew himself up in an attack in
Helmand Province. That raised Mr. Akhundzada’s profile in the movement, said
Carter Malkasian, the author of “The American War in Afghanistan.”
When the previous Taliban supreme leader, Mullah
Akhtar Muhammad Mansour, was killed in a U.S. drone strike
in 2016, Mr. Akhundzada emerged as a compromise candidate. “They needed
somebody more consensual, somebody more able to keep the different factions
together,” said a leading scholar of the Taliban, Antonio Giustozzi.
Known as a pragmatist, Mr. Akhundzada overruled the group’s
political leaders and allowed the military wing to step up attacks on Afghan
cities, Mr. Giustozzi said.
Sirajuddin Haqqani, deputy leader
Sirajuddin
Haqqani.Credit...FBI
The son of a
celebrated mujahedeen figure who oversees a sprawling web of fighters and
religious schools from a base in Pakistan, Mr. Haqqani, 48, has led much of the
Taliban’s recent military efforts.
His Haqqani network, known for its close ties to the
Pakistani intelligence service, was the most dogged opponent of the U.S.
presence in Afghanistan. It was responsible for hostage-taking of Americans,
complex suicide attacks and targeted assassinations.
Mr. Haqqani and his network also have some of the strongest
and longest-running ties to Al Qaeda, including helping Osama bin Laden escape
from his headquarters in Tora Bora after the U.S. invasion in 2001.
In a
guest essay in The New York Times last year, Mr. Haqqani tried to
show a more moderate face, saying that the Taliban would work with other groups
to create “a new, inclusive political system in which the voice of every Afghan
is reflected and where no Afghan feels excluded.”
His younger brother, Anas Haqqani, has been part of peace
negotiations in Doha and was in Kabul on Wednesday for meetings with former
President Hamid Karzai and Abdullah Abdullah, the chairman of the Afghan
delegation to peace talks. He was accompanied by the speaker of Afghanistan’s
upper house of Parliament.
Understand
the Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan
Card 1 of 5
Who are the Taliban? The Taliban arose in 1994 amid the turmoil that came after the
withdrawal of Soviet forces from Afghanistan in 1989. They used brutal public
punishments, including floggings, amputations and mass executions, to enforce
their rules. Here’s more on their
origin story and their record as rulers.
Who are the Taliban leaders? These are the
top leaders of the Taliban,
men who have spent years on the run, in hiding, in jail and dodging American
drones. Little is known about them or how they plan to govern, including
whether they will be as tolerant as they claim to be.
How did the Taliban gain control? See how the
Taliban retook power in Afghanistan in a few months, and read about how their
strategy enabled them to do so.
What happens to the women of
Afghanistan? The last time the Taliban were
in power, they barred women and girls from taking most jobs or going to
school. Afghan
women have made many gains since
the Taliban were toppled, but now they fear
that ground may be lost.
Taliban officials are trying to reassure women that things will be different,
but there are signs that, at least in some areas, they have begun to reimpose
the old order.
What does their victory mean for terrorist
groups? The United States invaded
Afghanistan 20 years ago in response to terrorism, and many worry that Al
Qaeda and other radical groups will again find safe haven there.
Abdul Gani Baradar, political deputy
Abdul
Ghani Baradar at the peace talks in Qatar in July.Credit...Karim Jaafar/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
One of the movement’s early joiners, Mr. Baradar served as
principal deputy to the Taliban’s founder, Mullah
Muhammad Omar.
Mr. Baradar led the
movement’s military operations until his arrest by Pakistan, under U.S.
pressure, in 2010. Under his leadership, the units were notable for their
skillful use of guerrilla tactics against British and U.S. forces.
After three years in a Pakistani prison and several more
under house arrest, he was released in 2019, under more U.S. pressure, to help
negotiate the peace deal reached with the Trump administration in 2020.
In the course of the negotiations, he developed a “warm”
relationship with Zalmay Khalilzad, the U.S. envoy to the talks, according to
Mr. Malkasian.
Mullah Muhammad Yaqoub, military leader
The son of Mullah Omar, Mr. Yaqoub has gained importance for
his work with the Taliban’s military forces, though he is not expected to
challenge Mr. Haqqani for the No. 2 spot in the hierarchy.
He is considered less
dogmatic than his father, and overcame a challenge from a rival for leadership
of the Taliban’s military wing.
Hidin’ Biden
Who are These People?
Heartsick
The Taliban and Al Qaeda
“Every citizen. So immovable are
we in our enlightened beliefs and their presumed attractiveness to everyone
that a quarter-century later, we don’t even know our enemies well enough to
grasp that, very basically, sharia-supremacists don’t do “citizen” as we
construe that concept. It is foreign to their understanding of how society
works.”
How Can We Change So Quickly?
Continuing Disaster in Afghanistan
Biden’s Continuing Lies. Duplicity, Ineptitude